DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Hallo Blogger..

Kembali lagi di AuraWaves, pada kali ini kami akan memberikan bahan bacaan sebagai pedoman maupun bahan pembelajaran untuk kalian semua..

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH “REPOTED SPEECH” (KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG ”KALIMAT BERITA”

1.     REPORTED STATEMENT

2.     REPORTED QUESTION

3.     REPORTED REQUEST

The changeable of the Tenses:

DIRECT SPEECH                                      REPORTED SPEECH

1.       SIMPLE PRESENT                                SIMPLE PAST TENSE

2.       PRESENT CONT.                                   PAST CONT.

3.       PRESENT PERF.                                    PAST PERFECT.

4.       PRESENT PERF CONT                         PAST PERF CONT

5.       SIMPLE PAST                                        PAST PERFECT

6.       PAST CONT                                           PAST PERF CONT

7.       PAST PERF                                            SIMPLE PAST

8.       PAST PERF CONT                                PAST CONT

9.       SIMPLE FUTURE                                 SIMPLE PAST FUTURE

10.  FUTURE CONT                                     PAST FUTURE CONT

11.  FUTURE PERF                                       PAST FUTURE PERF

12.  FURURE PERF CONT                           PAST FUTURE PERF CONT

13.  SIMPLE PAST FUTURE                        PAST FUTURE PERF

14.  PAST FUTURE CONT                           PAST FUTURE PERF CONT

15.   PAST FUTURE PERF                           SIMPLE PAST FUTURE

16.  PAST FUTURE PERF CONT                 PAST FUTURE CONT    

     

1. EAT BREAD                                                SHE SAID THAT SHE ATE BREAD
2. I AM EATING BREAD                               SHE SAID THAT SHE WAS EATING BREAD
3. I HAVE EATEN BREAD                             SHE SAID THAT SHE HAD EATEN BREAD
4. I HAVE BEEN EATING BREAD                SHE SAID THAT SHE HAD BEEN EATING BREAD 
5.  I ATE BREAD                                             SHE SAID THAT SHE HAD EATEN BREAD
6. I WAS EATING BREAD                             SHE SAID THAT SHE HAD BEEN EATING BREAD 
7.  I HAD EATEN BREAD                              SHE SAID THAT SHE ATE BREAD
8. I HAD BEEN EATING BREAD                  SHE SAID THAT SHE WAS EATING BREAD
9. I WILL EAT BREAD                                   SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD EAT BREAD
10. I WILL BE EATING BREAD                      SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD BE EATING BREAD
11. I WILL HAVE EATEN BREAD                  SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD HAVE EATEN BREAD
12. I WILL  HAVE BEEN EATING BREAD    SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD HAVE BEEN EATING BREAD
13. I WOULD EAT BREAD                              SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD HAVE EATEN BREAD
14. I WOULD BE EATING BREAD                 SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD HAVE BEEN EATING BREAD
15. I WOULD HAVE EATEN BREAD              SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD EAT BREAD
16. I WOULD HAVE BEEN EATING BREAD SHE SAID THAT SHE WOULD BE EATING BREAD 

 

Reported Speech

Reported Statements

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
present simple	“I like ice cream”	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	“I am living in London”	She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple	“I bought a car”	She said (that) she had bought a car OR She said (that) she bought a car.
past continuous	“I was walking along the street”	She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	“I haven't seen Julie”	She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	“I had taken English lessons before”	She said (that) she took English lessons after.
Will	“I'll see you later”	She said (that) she would see me later.
would*	“I would help, but..”	She said (that) she would have helped but...
Can	“I can speak perfect English”	She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*	“I could swim when I was four”	She said (that) she could have swum when she was four.
Shall	“I shall come later”	She said (that) she should come later.
should*	“I should call my mother”	She said (that) she should have called her mother
might*	"I might be late"	She said (that) she might have been late
Must	"I must study at the weekend"	She said (that) she ought to study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

Reported Questions

·       Direct speech: "Where do you live?"

·       Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Another example:

·       Direct speech: "where is Julie?"

·       Reported speech: He asked her where Julie was.

Here are some more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
“Where is the Post Office?”	She asked me where the Post Office was.
“What are you doing?”	She asked me what I was doing.
“Who will have bee becoming that fantastic man?”	She asked me who would had been becoming that fantastic man.

Instead, we use 'if':

·       Direct speech: "Do you like chocolate?"

·       Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question	Reported Question
“Do you love me?”	He asked me if I loved him.
“Have you ever been to Mexico?”	She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.
“Are you living here?”	She asked me if I was living here.

Reported Requests

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use (+)'SP + asked me + to infinitive + V1 +O':

(-)'SP + asked me + not + to infinitive + V1 +O'

Here are a few more examples:

Direct Request	Reported Request
“Please help me”.	She asked me to help her.
“Please don't smoke”.	She asked me not to smoke.
“Could you bring my book tonight?”	She asked me to bring her book that night.
“Could you pass the milk, please?”	She asked me to pass the milk.
“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?”	She asked me to come early the next day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

·       Direct speech: "Please don't be late."

·       Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Direct Order	Reported Order
Go to bed!”	He told the child to go to bed.
Don't worry!”	He told her not to worry.
Be on time!”	He told me to be on time.
Don't smoke!”	He told us not to smoke.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech
Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:

Julie said "I was leaving yesterday".

I said "Julie said she had been leaving the day before yesterday".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech was said.
Here's a table of some possible conversions:

now	then / at that time
today	yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday	the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night	the night before, Thursday night
last week	the week before / the previous week
tomorrow	today / the next day / the following day / Friday